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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31160929

RESUMO

According to a report published by the Center for Community College Student Engagement and others, global learning is considered one of the high-impact practices used to increase student engagement and motivation to learn. Engagement and motivation have also been linked to increased learning gains and improvement in the overall learning experience. Furthermore, global learning helps students explore other people's cultures and worldviews, which is an important skill for students to gain in order to compete and adapt to solve the problems of our global society. Here, I discuss two class activities that faculty can adopt to implement global learning in their courses, with the purpose of engaging and motivating students to learn microbiology while celebrating some traditions from Morocco and Perú. Students researched traditional fermented foods and drinks from Perú and Morocco. Then, they answered guided questions to help them link the food items to microbiological concepts learned in class. For example: normal flora and fermentation were learned as students researched the process of making a Peruvian drink called "chicha de jora," which is made from chewed corn that becomes fermented as it mixes with oral bacteria from saliva. While engaging in global learning, students learned some microbiology concepts; they passed the knowledge on to the campus community with poster presentations held during International Education Week. Based on students' feedback and participation, I can conclude that teaching microbiology using global learning was engaging, promoted student learning, and motivated students to learn.


De acuerdo con un reportaje publicado por el Center for Community College Student Engagement, 2013 y otros, Aprendizaje Global está considerado como una de las Prácticas de Alto Impacto utilizadas para aumentar la participación y la motivación de los estudiantes en aprender. La participación y motivación de los estudiantes se correlaciona con un aumento en el aprendizaje y con una mejora en la experiencia de aprendizaje. Por medio del Aprendizaje Global los estudiantes exploran culturas y visiones del mundo, lo cual les ayuda a competir, adaptarse y resolver problemas en nuestra sociedad global. Aquí, discuto dos actividades curriculares que utilizan Aprendizaje Global, con el propósito de aumentar la participación y motivación de los estudiantes en aprender microbiología, mientras celebran tradiciones de Moroco y Perú. Los estudiantes investigaron bebidas y alimentos fermentados de Perú y Moroco. Luego, respondieron preguntas que les ayudaron a vincular el alimento con conceptos microbiológicos. Por ejemplo: los estudiantes aprendieron sobre flora normal y fermentación al estudiar el proceso de preparación de la bebida peruana "chicha de jora", hecha de maíz, el cual se fermenta con bacterias de la saliva, al ser masticado. Al participar en Aprendizaje Global, los estudiantes aprendieron microbiología y compartieron el conocimiento con la comunidad mediante exhibiciones de póster durante la Semana Internacional de la Educación. Basándome en los comentarios y la participación de los estudiantes, puedo concluir que enseñar microbiología utilizando Aprendizaje Global promovió participación y aprendizaje en los estudiantes y los motivó a aprender.

2.
Rev. med. interna Guatem ; 21(2): 7-13, mayo.-jul. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-995799

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Actualmente se estima que a nivel mundial cerca de 150 millones de personas están infectadas con virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) y se encuentran en riesgo de padecer cirrosis hepática y/o cáncer hepático. De estas, aproximadamente 350,000 mueren cada año por las causas antes mencionadas.(1) En Guatemala, los programas de prevención se han concentrado en el tamizaje y detección de la enfermedad en donantes de sangre, madres embarazadas, pacientes con alcoholismo crónico, usuarios de drogas, entre otros. Objetivo: Caracterizar y describir los principales factores asociados a la infección por el VHC. Materiales y Métodos: Es un estudio ambispectivo, descriptivo y analítico realizado en 138 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por el HCV que asisten a la Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas de Hospital Roosevelt en el período 2007-2016. Se analizaron 29 variables agrupadas en cinco. categorías: características sociodemográficas, características de referencia, factores asociados a la infección por el HCV, características serológicas y virológicas del HCV y criterios para el cumplimiento de tratamiento. Cada una estás fue descrita en base a frecuencias, porcentajes y se calcularon intervalos de confianza al 95% para las variables relacionadas con los factores asociados a la infección por el HCV. También se estudiaron las relaciones entre los factores demográficos y los factores asociados con las pruebas estadísticas Xi cuadrado (a:0.10) y OR. Resultados: 138 pacientes fueron estudiados. 67 hombres y 71 mujeres, con edad promedio de 45 años. El perfil sociodemográfico más común en base a estos pacientes es una persona de 45 años de edad, residente de la ciudad capital, heterosexual, soltero(a), con una profesión u ocupación no relacionada a la salud y con un nivel de escolaridad de diversificado. Los factores asociados a la infección por el VHC que presentaron mayor porcentaje fueron; el antecedente de múltiples parejas sexuales (37%), transfusión de algún hemoderivado (30%) antecedente de alcoholismo (27%) y relaciones sexuales extramaritales sin protección. El 36% de los pacientes cumplió con criterios para inicio de tratamiento. Únicamente el 35% de los pacientes fue referido de otros hospitales nacionales o clínicas particulares. Conclusiones: La hepatitis C en pacientes diagnosticados y en seguimiento en Hospital Roosevelt, corresponden a donantes de sangre referidos, pacientes co-infectados con VIH o de Clínicas privadas u otros centros. Es importante generar programas de detección activa pues con los tratamientos actuales se puede curar a mas del 95% de los pacientes y evitar su progresión a cirrosis o cáncer de hígado...(AU)


Abstract: Currently it is estimated worldwide that about 150 million people are infected with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and are at risk for developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. From these, approximately 350,000 people die each year from the conditions described previously (1). In Guatemala, prevention programs have focused on screening persons who donate blood, pregnant women, patients with a history of chronic alcoholism, intravenous drug users, etc. Objective: Characterize and describe the main factors associated with HCV infection. Materials and Methods: This current study is ambispective, descriptive and analytic. It was conducted in 138 patients with a diagnosis of HCV infection attending the Infectious Diseases Clinic, Roosevelt Hospital in 2007-2016. A total of 29 variables were registered and grouped within 5 categories (social and demographic characteristics, characteristics of reference, factors associated with HCV infection, virological and serological characteristics and criteria satisfaction for the initiation of HCV infection treatment). Results: 138 patients were studied: 67 male and 71 female with an average age of 45 years. The most common sociodemographic profile in these patients was a person of 45 years of age, residing within the city, heterosexual, single, with a profession or occupation not related to health services, and with a high school education level. The factors associated with HCV infection with the highest percentage were; history of multiple sexual partners (37%), transfusion of some blood products (30%) alcoholism (27%) and unprotected extramarital sex. Thirty-six percent of the patients met criteria for initiating treatment. Only 35% of the patients were referred from other national hospitals or private clinics. Conclusions: Hepatitis C in patients diagnosed and seconded at Roosevelt Hospital correspond to referred blood donors, patients co-infected with HIV or from private clinics or other centers. It is important to generate active screening programs because with current treatments more than 95% can be cured and therefore prevent their progression to cirrhosis or liver cancer...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Transmissíveis/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Hepatite C/microbiologia , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Guatemala
3.
Cancer Biol Ther ; 8(5): 422-34, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19305155

RESUMO

Recent evidence from a wide variety of biological systems has indicated important regulatory roles for post-translation histone modifications in cellular processes such as regulation of gene expression, DNA damage response and recombination. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 is a critical event in the response to DNA damage, but the functional implications of this modification are not yet clear. To investigate the role of H2AX phosphorylation we ectopically expressed epitope-tagged H2AX or mutants at the phosphorylation site. GFP-tagged wild type H2AX, H2AX Ser139Ala or H2AX Ser139Glu proteins were efficiently expressed, localizing exclusively to the interphase nucleus and to condensed chromosomes during mitosis. Biochemical fractionation indicated that epitope-tagged H2AX proteins are incorporated into nucleosomes. Expression of H2AX Ser139Ala, which disrupts the phosphorylation site partially suppressed early G(2)/M arrest following ionizing radiation, and cells expressing this mutant were more sensitive to DNA damage. Conversely, expression of H2AX Ser139Glu, designed as phosphorylation mimic, induced a decrease in the number of cells in mitosis in the absence of DNA damage. Interestingly, this decrease induced by H2AX Ser139Glu was independent of the formation of 53BP1-containing foci and was partially suppressed in CHK2-deficient cells, suggesting a role for CHK2 in this process. Further analyses revealed that expression of either mutant lead to apoptosis and induced higher caspase-3/7 activity compared to expression of wild type H2AX. In addition, we also identified Lys119 as a site for ubiquitination that controls H2AX half-life. Phosphorylation of Ser139 and ubiquitination of K119 are not interdependent. Taken together these results demonstrate a role for H2AX Serine 139 phosphorylation in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, and for Lysine 119 in the control of H2AX turnover.


Assuntos
Histonas/metabolismo , Mutação , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Apoptose/genética , Apoptose/fisiologia , Western Blotting , Ciclo Celular/genética , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Imunofluorescência , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Células HCT116 , Células HeLa , Histonas/genética , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Lisina/genética , Lisina/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Serina/genética , Serina/metabolismo , Transfecção , Ubiquitinação
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